Thirteenth century was a turbulent time for Islamic world. The immensely powerful empire of Abbasid Caliphs, which was on decline for a few generations, was totally devastated and crushed by the Mongol invasion. The fall of Baghdad was so brutal and so thorough, that the morale of muslims across the world was at its lowest point. The political turmoil was…

In early third Islamic century, in the city of Nishapur, the bazaars were busy with cloth merchants and spice sellers, but beyond the commerce lay the circles of learning and Islamic scholarship. The air of the city was rife with echoes of recitation and debate, and a culture that treated the Prophet’s words ﷺ as a trust to be carried…